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Catalase converts hydrogen peroxide to water and triplet oxygen. Glutathione peroxidase catalyzes the decomposition of both hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides Table 3.
Glutathione is a tripeptide composed of the amino acids glutamine, cysteine, and glycine. It is an important antioxidant inside cells. For many of these enzymes the optimal substrate is hydrogen peroxide, but others are more active with organic hydroperoxides such as lipid peroxides. Peroxidases can contain a heme cofactor in their active sites, or alternately redox-active cysteine or selenocysteine residues.
The study of plant-based peroxidases, such as HRP derived from horseradish root, has furthered the fields of molecular biology and immunohistochemistry, also known as histochemistry. In the former, HRP is used to detect peroxidase antibodies that may indicate an autoimmune condition that causes thyroid problems.
It is also used to measure serum or urine levels of glucose. As a diagnostic tool in pathology, HRP has the ability to target and bind to certain biomarkers found in cancerous cells and produce a stain reaction when introduced to biopsy samples. Aside from being readily available and inexpensive to obtain, HRP is considered particularly useful for such tests due to being highly stable and open to reacting with a variety of donor molecules. Having been the first to produce the compound in a laboratory, he later found that many animal and plant materials could convert it into water and oxygen, and that the same sample of material could do this many times over.
This was curious, as if it was a simple chemical reaction between the peroxide and something in the organic material, it should stop once the active agent was used up. This led to the discovery of catalysts — substances that enable a chemical reaction without actually participating in it — and, specifically, peroxidases. A enzyme is particular about it's substrate, so the enzyme can catalyze one reaction by lowering that reaction's activation energy.
Enzymes catalyze reactions - ie, increase the rate of the reaction substantially. Until the reactants run out. Changes in the pH. An enzyme is specific to one and only one reaction. An enzyme catalyzes the reaction by changing the shapes of the molecules that stress the bonds holding together.
Therefore the bond is weaker and will break down faster. An enzyme binds to a specific substrate reactant for the reaction catalyzed. Any enzyme can only react one reaction; each enzyme catalyzes one type of reaction, working on one substrate or set of substrates that react together. The shape alters the enzyme's active site, which can make it unable to catalyze the reaction it's intended to.
A peroxidase is an enzyme that, as the name suggests, breaks down peroxides. By lowering the activation energy needed to begin the reaction. An enzyme can do this by giving two substrates a protected place in the cytosol to have the reaction, stress bonds in a substrate to force a reaction, or the catalytic R groups facing into the active site of an enzyme can catalyze a reaction. An enzyme is one kind of protein that can catalyze a specific reaction whereas a regulatory enzyme is the enzyme which can regulate a series of reaction which undergo in the living organism.
So we can say every enzyme is not a regulatory one but the regulatory enzymes are obviously a special kind of enzyme. Enzymes are proteins that are able to catalyze i. During the course of a reaction, the enzyme is able to convert a substrate to a product but the enzyme does not get consumed in the reaction.
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