The inscriptions attest to the king being not only a learned man. Samudra Gupta was succeeded by his son Rama Gupta, in whose time the Scythians known as the Sakas had come to be recognized as a threat. Annexed by Chandra Gupta II, the new emperor began to consolidate the power of that empire. By this time the empire still ruled much of northern India, but authority in the south seemed to be waning.
After the death of Skanda Gupta, the empire faced various wars of succession. The last major Gupta king was Buddha Gupta; After that, the empire was divided into various branches across India. Nevertheless, by the 6th century, the Huns had established themselves in Toramana and his son Mihirakula, who is described as a Shaivite Hindu, ruled over the approximate regions of Punjab, Rajputana and Kashmir.
Nevertheless, by the 6th century, the Huns had established themselves and Tormana and his son Mihirkul, who is described as a Shaivite Hindu, ruled over the approximate regions of Punjab, Rajputana and Kashmir. Several accounts, including those of Chinese pilgrims, make reference to the brutality of the Huns.
During this time several alliances took place which halted the progress of the Huns. After the disintegration of the Gupta Empire, northern India was ruled by several independent kingdoms, carrying forward the traditions of the Gupta Empire in their territories. Under his son Prabhakarvardhana, the dynasty emerged as a major kingdom, with successive Huns and rulers from around Malwa.
Harsha was his nephew, and wanted to conquer the whole country; At the height of his power, his kingdom spread throughout northern India. Harsha was defeated by the South Indian emperor Pulakeshin II of the Chalukya dynasty, when Harsha tried to expand his empire into the southern peninsula of India. In the Umayyads conquered parts of southern Punjab, including Sindh and Multan.
The newly conquered region became known as Sindh and was the eastern state of the Umayyad Caliphate. Umayyad rule was later replaced by Abbasid rule in In the mids, Abbasid authority in Sindh weakened and five independent princely states emerged. Banu Munnabih himself in southern Punjab. In the middle of the 9th century, the Hindu Shahi dynasty superseded the Buddhist Ottoman royal lineage in Kabul.
The last Ottoman royal ruler, Lagturman, is said to have been imprisoned by his Brahmin vizier, Kallar, who later established the Hindu Shahi dynasty. In the beginning, the Hindu imperial rule extended from Kabul to the Chenab river. The Hindu Shahi were expelled from Kabul in and re-established their capital at Udabhandapur. The medieval Rajput kingdoms of the Sapta Sindhu Punjab and Sindh region were divided into several smaller feudal kingdoms for the next three to five centuries.
They were called Mehtar or Mehtar kingdoms because of their relative relations with each other. Some of them were so small that they had a kingdom of only villages. Due to enmity with each other, they could not stop any invader. Except for the states in the hill region, they too were almost wiped out with the Lodhi dynasty upon the arrival of the Mughals.
In , Sabuktigin, the Samanid governor of Ghaznavi, established an independent kingdom in western Afghanistan with Ghaznavi as his capital. The Ghaznavi dynasty, as they may have been known, was a Persian Muslim dynasty of Turkic Mamluk origin that came into conflict with the Hindu Shahi when the Ghaznavids began to expand eastward.
This prompted the Hindu Shahi ruler to have an alliance with the Rajput rulers in Punjab to investigate the Ghaznavid expansion. Sabuktigin son Mahmud succeeded his father in , and launched a series of raids into northern India.
In Mahmud invaded the southern Punjabi kingdom of Multan, returning a few years later to massacre the local Ismaili population. Babur turned to India and crossed the Khyber Pass.
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Chandigarh is known all over the world for its being the first planned Asian city. The City is divided into well-planned and defined sectors. Each sector is a separate self-reliant unit, having all the essential amenities, such as, school,dispensary, post office, market etc.
The City also boasts of open parks and wide roads. Being the capital of the two states, the administrative headquarters of both the States are also located here. Many people from other parts of India and the world visit it every day to see the architecture of its buildings. It is also the seat of the High Court of the Punjab and Haryana.
The High Court is located in Sector 1 of Chandigarh. After the partition of India, the Constitution of India was framed. However, before the partition, there was the Government of India Act, The High Court of judicature at Lahore was a court of record.
On the establishment of the Lahore High Court, the Chief Court of Punjab, which was functioning for the last 53 years, was abolished. The High Court at Lahore by virtue of Letters Patent and Section and of the Government of India Act, was vested with all the appellate and superintending powers, authority and jurisdiction of the Chief Court.
The Lahore High Court by its Letters Patent was also vested with original jurisdiction in certain special matters as were possessed by the Chief Court. These special matters included disciplinary action against Advocates Clause 8 ; Guardianship Clause 12 ; testamentary and intestate Clause 24 and matrimonial matters Clause The High Court had no ordinary original civil jurisdiction.
However, it had ordinary original criminal jurisdiction to a limited extent. The original criminal jurisdiction of the Lahore High court was co-extensive with that of the chief court of Punjab which had no original criminal jurisdiction to try any person, except European British subjects.
The East Punjab High Court did not have the power to issue writs. However, the seat of the High Court continued to remain at Shimla. On account of its inclement weather in winter, it was very inconvenient for the litigants to go to Shimla. Accordingly, the seat of the High Court was shifted to Chandigarh.
The Court started functioning at Chandigarh from its present building with effect from January 17, Justice A. The strength of the Punjab High Court, which had originally 8 Judges rose to A new chapter opened in the history of the High Court in the year However, the principal seat of the High Court remained at Chandigarh. Its location in the lap of the Himalayas beyond the limits of the city, beside Assembly Hall and Sukhna Lake, add to its beauty.
The sanctioned strength of the High Court is 38 permanent and 30 additional Judges. The High Court completed 50 years of its existence on March 19, Many functions were held to commemorate the event. However, the main function was held on December 10, , in the premises of the High Court. His Excellency, the President of India, Mr. A P J Abdul Kalam was the chief guest of the function. Rajinder Kaur Bhattal were other dignitaries, who participated in the function. The State Governments of Punjab and Haryana also hosted special dinners in honor of guests.
An exhibition was opened on that day. It was inaugurated by Mrs. Justice S N Aggarwal, the exhibition drew crowds and was a great success. The exhibition remains open on all days except Sunday. The entry to the exhibition is free. Bare Law is an educational platform for Students to develop their knowledge by the way of writing and reading. The Platform is open all to students and working professionals in the field of Law.
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