Their support and encouragement meant that other local families, such as the Percys and the Latimers, also gave generously. The generosity of the de Brus family allowed the Priory to employ the best craftsmen. Work began on the first stone church around and probably finished around The first church lies hidden under the present church, but a bit to the south. It had a central tower at the west end, a nave with narrow aisles and a north door with a porch.
The plan is similar to the Augustinian Priory church at Christchurch in Dorset. Work on the second church began around , not long after work on the first church finished.
The new church replaced the old church, removed completely before work began. Like most churches, building started at the East End and worked westwards, finishing at the West End in the mids.
This new front had a huge rose window 24 feet 8m in diameter. The Canons created one of the most richly decorated West Fronts in Yorkshire, if not the whole country. Inside, the north aisle had chantry, or family, chapels divided by wooden screens and there were many burials. Work on the second church finished around but on the 16 th May , just before noon, a disastrous fire broke out in the roof.
When he returned to the church he left his workmen to put out the brazier they had been using. Unfortunately, they did not do this properly, the roof caught light and molten lead and masonry fell into the church. The fire spread and seriously damaged the church; books chalices, vestments and statues were all destroyed. The rebuilding took almost one hundred years and resulted in the third church, which is the one we see today. Read a detailed account of the fire and its aftermath here.
Gisborough had always been a wealthy Priory but the s was a very difficult period. The Priory also had to accommodate canons from more northerly Priories such as Brinkburn, Hexham and Jedburgh.
The Black Death, which arrived in , and an agricultural depression lasting most of the century, made things even worse. The fire had destroyed most of the inside of the church but many of the walls survived. The roof appeared to suffer a lot of damage but the West Front also survived, although the heat melted the bells in the North-West tower. At this time the Canons also rebuilt the East End of the Church, making it much longer. The superb East End dates from almost exactly , as does the West Cloister range.
Inside, the rebuilt nave was now relatively clear, there were fewer burials and no chantry chapels. The internal walls were white, possibly painted with red lines to look like masonry, wall paintings told bible stories.
The crossing and choir survived from the second church. Further east the new presbytery finished at the new east end. This is an outstanding example of early Northern Gothic architecture and of exceptional quality.
There were several chapels at the new East End and a processional walkway passed between them and the high altar. Although externally the Church remained unaltered until the dissolution, bosses and stonework from the 15 th Century show that inside the church continued to develop according to the needs of the Canons. The Priory closed soon afterwards, in , and the Cenotaph removed. Afterwards it led a tumultuous life, with, at one time, the various parts dispersed widely.
Admiral Chaloner recovered the missing pieces and reassembled the Cenotaph in in the Parish Church, where it still stands. This made it the fourth richest house in Yorkshire, after York, Fountains and Selby. The design is so close to that of the eastern arm of Ripon Cathedral , built around the same time, that it is thought to have been modelled on Ripon. The window's tracery has disappeared, as has its sill, but from the stubs and surviving fragments it can be deduced that it had seven major lights the glazed openings in the window.
At its centre was a great circle of tracery filled with trefoiled lights. Little remains above ground of the rest of the priory, but much can be deduced from the surviving stonework.
In its final form the priory church had a nave of eight bays and a quire and presbytery of nine bays, with a total length of feet. The roof's ridge line probably stood 97 feet above ground. The presbytery's high vault was executed in stone with bosses decorated in red and white paint and gold leaf, traces of which were still visible when several of the bosses were found in the 19th century.
The eastern bay of the presbytery was divided into several chapels and the remnants of parclose screens are visible on the main aisle's north and south responds. Several burials presumably of high-ranking benefactors and clergy were made within the priory and 19th-century archaeologists found stone coffins during excavations. They are visible against the east wall, but their original location was not recorded. Two centrally placed grave slabs are visible below the east window.
It was removed in and dismantled. Most of its parts were recovered and reassembled in the 19th century, and the reconstructed cenotaph is displayed in Saint Nicholas' Church next to the ruins. The priory church housed a shrine to the Virgin Mary which one of the most significant Marian shrines in the north. It was destroyed during the Reformation along with the priory. Fragments of the west range — the cellarer's range — are extant.
It was entered from the west by an outer parlour, projecting from the north end of the range, where members of the community received visitors. The prior lived on the upper floor which comprised a hall, chamber and chapel dedicated to Saint Hilda. The prior's rooms were probably located above the outer parlour, as was the pattern at other monasteries, accessing the cloister and the outside world. It is a vaulted undercroft of nine bays constructed from stone ashlar with its floor level below that of the cloister.
It is relatively well-preserved and believed to have been divided by timber partitions which were later replaced in stone. The priory buildings stood at the centre of a walled precinct arranged in two courts, inner and outer with gatehouses at the entrances to both; the remains of the great gate of the inner court are extant but the outer gatehouse no longer survives.
The gate comprised an outer porch, an inner gatehall and a porter's lodge on the ground floor with chambers above the arch. It survived intact into the early 18th century but only the outer porch remains. The canons built an octagonal dovecote a short distance to the west of the west range, which is extant, though it cannot be visited and is not part of the priory grounds.
Built in the 14th century, it was modified in the midth century with the addition of a pyramidal roof tiled with slate and capped with an open-sided timber cupola.
The original nesting boxes have been removed and the dovecote is used as a garden store. Land immediately south of the priory was used by the Chaloners for formal gardens attached to Old Gisborough Hall. In the early 18th century they planted an oval-shaped double avenue of trees, the Monks' Walk, where stonework recovered from midth century excavations was deposited.
In between the trees was a manicured lawn used to hold musical and theatrical productions. In the late 19th century, Margaret Chaloner, wife of the first Lord Gisborough, laid out formal gardens of a typical late-Victorian and Edwardian design with elaborate bedding schemes and gravelled paths. They were open to the public for a small fee and could be entered through a gateway on Bow Street. Further east, off the Whitby Road, is the Monks' Pond, the canons' fish pond.
It presents a dramatic vista in which the priory arch is reflected and has often been photographed and painted. In , the pond was the scene of an elaborate water tableau organised by Lady Gisborough to raise funds for the restoration of St Nicholas' Church. Jump to: navigation , search. I have seen with my own eyes broken pillars and pedestals of this august pile desecrated to the vile uses of gateposts, stands for rainwater casks, and stepping-stones over a common sewer.
A richly ornamented doorway of the venerable priory forms the entrance to a privy. I have beheld with sorrow, shame, and indignation, the richly ornamented columns and carved architraves of God's temple supporting the thatch of a pig-house. Retrieved 30 July In the Chaloner family purchased the priory and eight years later they became lords of the manor of Guisborough.
Newberry and T. Carnan :. It stands on a rising ground, in a delightful situation and has a remarkable pure air; a fine scene of verdure overspreads all the fields near it, which are adorned with plenty of wild-flowers, almost all the year round, whence it has been compared to Puteoli in Italy.
The town is well built, and the inhabitants famous for their civility and neatness. Here was formerly an abbey, the church of which seems by its ruins, to have been little inferior to the best cathedrals in England. Near this town are mines of iron and alum, but the latter are said to be now almost neglected.
This town has a market on Mondays, and six fairs, held on the Monday and Tuesday after the 11th of April, for linen-cloth and horned cattle; on Tuesday in Whitsun-Week, for horned cattle and linen; on the 27th of August, the 19th and 20th September, and the first Monday after the 11th November, for horned cattle. More than 80 people in Guisborough had to pay this government tax on moveable goods. Many more were exempt.
This was almost as many as Whitby, the busy North Riding seaport. The highest taxpayer was Adam de Tokotes, paying almost 10 shillings. He also founded the Grammar School and Hospital in Guisborough. Thomas Chaloner A man of many parts who grew up in London.
He brought the alum industry to Cleveland. He was buried in Westminster Abbey. Cup winners in and Willie Applegarth An athlete from Guisborough who won a gold medal for the 4 x metres at the Olympic Games.
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