She received many honorary science, medicine and law degrees and honorary memberships of learned societies throughout the world. Together with her husband, she was awarded half of the Nobel Prize for Physics in , for their study into the spontaneous radiation discovered by Becquerel, who was awarded the other half of the Prize. In she received a second Nobel Prize, this time in Chemistry , in recognition of her work in radioactivity.
She also received, jointly with her husband, the Davy Medal of the Royal Society in and, in , President Harding of the United States, on behalf of the women of America, presented her with one gram of radium in recognition of her service to science. For further details, cf. Biography of Pierre Curie.
Curie died in Savoy, France, after a short illness, on July 4, It was later edited and republished in Nobel Lectures. Further analysis would lead to a second discovery - radium - in Marie became the first woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize, sharing the Nobel Prize in Physics with her husband and Becquerel for their contributions to the discovery of radiation.
In , Marie was again awarded a Nobel Prize, this time for chemistry, in recognition of her work in adding two new elements to the Periodic Table. She remains the only woman to be awarded the prize twice. Marie Curie died from aplastic anaemia , a condition thought to be the result of her long term exposure to radiation. The belongings in her Parisian home and laboratory - including her notebooks, furniture, and clothes - remain radioactive almost years after her death, and will be radioactive for another 1, years.
Died : 4 July from aplastic anaemia. As a person : During the First World War, Marie applied the emerging field of radiology to the treatment and diagnosis of wounded soldiers.
Together with her daughter Irene, Marie drove mobile units affectionately referred to as " Petits Curies " around the front. These vehicles contained technology that produced X-rays for imaging bodies to spot shrapnel and broken bones.
In , Curie finally made her way to Paris and enrolled at the Sorbonne. She threw herself into her studies, but this dedication had a personal cost: with little money, Curie survived on buttered bread and tea, and her health sometimes suffered because of her poor diet.
Curie completed her master's degree in physics in and earned another degree in mathematics the following year. Marie married French physicist Pierre Curie on July 26, A romance developed between the brilliant pair, and they became a scientific dynamic duo who were completely devoted to one another. At first, Marie and Pierre worked on separate projects. But after Marie discovered radioactivity, Pierre put aside his own work to help her with her research.
Marie suffered a tremendous loss in when Pierre was killed in Paris after accidentally stepping in front of a horse-drawn wagon. Despite her tremendous grief, she took over his teaching post at the Sorbonne, becoming the institution's first female professor. Curie was derided in the press for breaking up Langevin's marriage, the negativity in part stemming from rising xenophobia in France. Curie discovered radioactivity, and, together with her husband Pierre, the radioactive elements polonium and radium while working with the mineral pitchblende.
She also championed the development of X-rays after Pierre's death. Curie conducted her own experiments on uranium rays and discovered that they remained constant, no matter the condition or form of the uranium. The rays, she theorized, came from the element's atomic structure.
This revolutionary idea created the field of atomic physics. Curie herself coined the word "radioactivity" to describe the phenomena. Working with the mineral pitchblende, the pair discovered a new radioactive element in They named the element polonium, after Curie's native country of Poland.
They also detected the presence of another radioactive material in the pitchblende and called that radium. In , the Curies announced that they had produced a decigram of pure radium, demonstrating its existence as a unique chemical element. When World War I broke out in , Curie devoted her time and resources to help the cause.
She championed the use of portable X-ray machines in the field, and these medical vehicles earned the nickname "Little Curies. After the war, Curie used her celebrity to advance her research. She traveled to the United States twice — in and in — to raise funds to buy radium and to establish a radium research institute in Warsaw.
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